Who Was Sallust?
Gaius Sallustius Crispus, known as Sallust, was a prominent figure in ancient Rome, born in 86 BCE in Amiternum. While his early years remain largely unknown, it is likely that he received an education in Rome and became the first in his family to venture into politics.
Sallust’s political career commenced when he was elected as a quaestor in 55 BCE. Swiftly rising through the ranks, he attained the position of tribune in 52 BCE, although his time in office was marked by conflict, leading to his expulsion from the Senate at the hands of Appius Claudius Pulcher.
Aligning himself with Caesar during the war against Pompey, Sallust found himself involved in various military roles, ultimately being elected as praetor in 46 BCE, which temporarily restored his position within the Senate.
During his tenure as praetor, Sallust achieved some military successes, notably aiding in the capture of supplies in Cercina in 46 BCE. However, upon his return to Rome after serving as governor of Africa Nova, he faced accusations of profiteering and extortion, staining his reputation and leading to legal repercussions.
Following Caesar’s demise in 44 BCE, Sallust chose to withdraw from the turbulent political scene, retiring to a life of scholarly pursuits. He constructed the Horti Sallustiani, a vast garden outside Rome, where he spent his remaining years engrossed in writing historical accounts.
His literary works, such as the “Bellum Catilinae” and the “Bellum Jugurthinum,” provide critical reflections on Roman politics, corruption, and societal decay, offering insights that echo contemporary issues.
Sallust’s life encapsulates the complexities of political ambition, success, and subsequent retreat. While his career was marred by controversy and accusations, his contributions to Roman literature endure, offering valuable historical perspectives that continue to captivate readers and shed light on the nuances of ancient Roman society. His passing around 35 BCE marked the conclusion of a life filled with political vicissitudes, leaving behind a legacy that both intrigues and challenges our understanding of the past.